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If you've got any money left in your bank account by the time you die, you have done something wrong.

如果你死的时候银行账户里还有钱,那你肯定做错了什么。

That is the core message of this book, Die With Zero.

这就是这本书《死时不带走一分钱》的中心思想。

And it's pretty controversial but it's actually genuinely changed my approach to spending and saving money, which is why we're talking about it in this episode of book club, the ongoing series where we distill and discuss highlights from some of my favorite books.

这个说法很有争议,但它实际上真正改变了我花钱和存钱的方式,所以我们要在本期读书俱乐部谈论它,这是一个正在进行的系列,我们从我最喜欢的一些书中提取和讨论亮点。

What is the core argument here?

这里的核心论点是什么?

Well, what Bill Perkins says, the author of the book, is that we all need to make money to survive, like buying food and like paying rent and stuff.

这本书的作者比尔·帕金斯说,我们都需要赚钱来生存,比如买食物、付房租等等。

And once we've covered our basic needs, then we use that time and money that we've got left over from survival to essentially buy more meaningful experiences and fulfilling experiences like traveling or going to the cinema or smashing the like button for the Youtube algorithm.

一旦我们满足了基本需求,就会用剩余的时间和金钱来购买更有意义和充实的体验,比如旅行或去看电影,或者为了 YouTube 的算法而疯狂点赞。

Now if we assume that beyond having the basics covered, life is about having fulfilling and enriching and meaningful experiences, then in an ideal world, we would just trade in our life energy directly for those experiences.

现在,如果我们假设除了基础需要之外,生活还包括充实、丰富和有意义的经历,那么在一个理想的世界里,我们会直接用我们的生命能量来换取这些经历。

But in the real world we have this thing called money as a middleman between life energy and fulfilling experiences.

但是在现实世界中,我们有一种叫做金钱的东西,它是生命能量和充实体验之间的中间人。

Now most of us don't know when we're gonna die.

现在我们大多数人都不知道我们什么时候会死。

But let's say we happen to die at the age of 85 with, let's say, 10 000 left in the bank.

但是假设我们碰巧在 85 岁时去世,假设银行里还剩 10,000 英镑。

That money represents two things.

这笔钱代表两件事。

So firstly, it's the extra several months that we worked to earn that post tax ten thousand dollars.

首先,这是我们努力工作额外几个月后赚取的税后一万美元。

And secondly that 10k represents all of the experiences that we didn't spend that money on, like going on five holidays or 50 fancy restaurant meals or even just a few extra months of retirement.

其次,这 10,000 英镑代表我们没有用这笔钱换取的所有经历,比如休五次假或去 50 次高级餐厅,甚至只是额外的几个月的退休时间。

Bill Perkins would basically say that all of this life energy that we traded has basically been wasted because all that money that we earned is just gathering dust and it's not useful to us at all once we're dead.

比尔·珀金斯基本上会说,我们交易的所有生命能量基本上都被浪费了,因为我们赚的所有钱都只是灰尘,一旦我们死了,这些钱对我们一点用都没有。

Now this raises a bunch of questions like, what if you run out of money when you're old?

这就引出了很多问题,比如,如果你老了没钱了怎么办?

What about leaving money to your kids?

把钱留给你的孩子呢?

What about giving money to charity?

把钱捐给慈善机构呢?

And these are all good questions that we're gonna cover in this video.

这些都是我们将在这段视频中讨论的好问题。

Bill is very careful to mention in the book that if you have no disposable income, then by definition, you need to spend your money right now just to survive.

比尔在书中非常小心地提到,如果你没有可支配收入,那么根据定义,你现在需要花钱来生存。

So you're probably already using your money as efficiently as you can, in which case this book is really not for you right now.

所以你可能已经尽可能有效地使用你的钱了,在这种情况下,这本书现在真的不适合你。

Bill thinks that especially when we're around 20s and 30s that we should spend more money on fun exciting things, like going on adventures and doing cool stuff with friends and attending Yu-Gi-Oh tournaments all around the world.

比尔认为,尤其是当我们大约二三十岁的时候,我们应该把更多的钱花在有趣刺激的事情上,比如去冒险,和朋友一起做很酷的事情,参加世界各地的游戏王锦标赛。

And there are three main reasons for this: earning power, memory dividends and old age.

这有三个主要原因:赚钱能力、记忆红利和年龄。

The first reason for investing in experiences early is that our earning power generally increases as we get older.

早点把钱用于体验的第一个原因是,随着年龄的增长,我们的赚钱能力通常会增加。

So what seems like a big chunk of money when we're 20 years old is much less significant when we're 40 years old, with a house and kids an established career and a lot more money coming in.

所以,我们 20 岁时眼中的一大笔钱,在我们 40 岁时就不那么重要了,那时我们有了房子和孩子,有了固定的职业和更多的钱。

Now this is a crucial insight.

这是一个至关重要的观点。

Here we can see that as our earning power goes up, our happiness from spending $20 or whatever that number is actually goes down over time.

这里我们可以看到,随着我们赚钱能力的提高,我们花 20 美元或其他数额的钱所带来的幸福感实际上会随着时间的推移而下降。

And so if you're young, i. e in your teens or your 20s, then in a way you don't really need to overly obsess about saving lots of money.

所以如果你还年轻,比如十几岁或 20 多岁,那么在某种程度上,你真的不需要过度痴迷于存很多钱。

Because that money could be better spent on experiences right now rather than that same amount of money being spent on experiences 40 years from now where it's going to matter to you a lot less.

因为这笔钱现在最好花在体验上,而不是花在 40 年后的体验上,因为 40 年后这种体验对你来说没那么重要。

The idea here is that every year good experiences that we've had in the past give us a return on investment, because every positive experience we have also creates memories in addition to the experience itself.

这里的要点是,我们在过去的每一年里拥有的美好经历都会给我们投资回报,因为除了经历本身之外,我们拥有的每一次积极的经历也会创造记忆。

If, for example, you and your friends go on this amazing two-month hike through Italy when you're 20 years old, then you'll probably have at least 15 more years to enjoy those memories and reminisce on the trip whenever you're hanging out and reflect on the lessons you've learned from it and all of that fun stuff.

例如,如果你和你的朋友在你 20 岁时进行了为期两个月的意大利徒步旅行,那么你可能还有至少 15 年的时间来回味这些回忆,回忆你出去玩的时候,反思你从中学到的教训和所有有趣的东西。

Now if instead, you decided that you weren't gonna take that two-month trip and instead hustle at work for an extra two months to make a little bit more money to save up a little bit more money, and then you would go on that trip when you're 40 years old for example, then yes, sure you'll be a little bit more financially secure because of that extra two months of earnings.

相反地,如果你决定不进行两个月的旅行,而是额外工作两个月,赚更多的钱,存更多的钱,然后在 40 岁的时候去旅行,那么是的,因为这额外的两个月收入,你肯定会在经济上更有保障。

But you'll have missed out on almost 20 years of good memories and extra life experience and good vibes as well.

但是你会错过近 20 年的美好记忆、额外的生活经历和良好的氛围。

When we're old, then we naturally can't do all the things that we actually want to do and even if we can afford it, we might not be fit and healthy enough to actually really enjoy the thing.

当我们老了,我们自然不能做所有我们真正想做的事情,即使我们在经济负上担得起,我们的身体也许会不允许,使得我们无法真正享受这件事。

So if we were to create this kind of graph, then this is generally what our spending power looks like as we're getting older, and this is generally what our health looks like as we get older as well.

所以如果我们制作一个这样的图表,那么这通常代表我们变老时的消费能力,这通常代表我们变老时的健康状况。

And if you're in slightly worse health, it might even look something like that.

如果你的健康状况稍差,它甚至可能看起来像那样。

And basically it's almost an inverse relationship between how much money we can make over time and how healthy we actually are to enjoy that experience as we get older.

基本上,随着时间的推移,我们的赚钱能力和我们在年龄增长之后能健康地去享受这些经历的能力几乎是成反比的。

All right, so basically what he's saying so far is spend lots of money on experiences when you're young.

好的,所以基本上他到目前为止的意思是当你年轻的时候,要多花钱去体验。

Now that does seem a bit suspicious but one thing he says repeatedly is that his whole vibe is I'm not actually telling you to literally die with zero in the bank account, I'm just saying that if you think of it as a big idea and that you are aiming to die with zero, then it actually makes you think twice about what you're doing with your money and what you're doing with your life.

这看起来确实有点可疑,但他反复说的一件事是,他的整个基调是,我不是真的要你在死的时候银行账户里不留一分钱,我只是想说,如果你认为这是一个很棒的想法,你的目标是死时不留一分钱,那么它实际上会让你三思而后行,思考你要用你的钱做什么,你要用你的生命去做什么。

Because to be honest, for most of us if we are high earners, then we tend to have this very profound tendency to over save and underspend because we are very risk averse and we tend to think that hey making money and saving it for the future is way more important than enjoying it right now.

因为老实说,对我们大多数人来说,如果我们是高收入者,那么我们往往会存得多花得少,因为我们非常厌恶风险,我们往往认为赚钱并为未来储蓄比现在享受更重要。

This book doesn't have all the answers by any means but let's talk about some of the common objections to this idea to basically spend more money.

这本书肯定无法解答所有的问题,但是让我们谈谈针对这个多花钱的想法的一些常见反对意见。

Objection number one, what if I run out of money?

反对一,如果我没钱了怎么办?

This is the idea of longevity risk.

这就是所谓的长寿风险。

And really the whole point of saving is that usually serve a, you can get a house because society has told us that we need to buy a house and b so that we don't run out of money when we're older.

储蓄的真正意义在于,通常是第一,你可以得到一栋房子,因为社会告诉我们需要买房,第二,这样我们长大后就不会没钱了。

Nobody wants to die early, but no one wants to die after their retirement money runs out, either.

没有人想早死,但也没有人想在退休金用完后死去。

But the thing is apparently.

但事实很显而易见。

Most people who do save actually save way too much and spend much less during their retirement than they thought.

大多数储蓄的人实际上储蓄得太多,退休期间的支出比他们想象的要少得多。

Bill Perkins cites a bunch of figures and studies and stuff in the book, which you're more than welcome to check out if you want.

比尔·珀金斯在书中引用了一堆数字、研究和其他东西,如果你愿意,非常欢迎你去看看。

But the main point is that depending on various things, we fear running out of money a lot more than it's actually likely that we will genuinely run out of money.

但最主要的一点是,根据各种不同依据,我们更害怕钱用完,而不是我们真正可能用完钱。

Objection number two, what about the kids?

反对二,孩子们怎么办?

Surely, dying with zero is a really selfish thing to do because surely you want to leave money to your kids, right?

当然,死时不留一分钱是一件非常自私的事情,因为你肯定想把钱留给你的孩子,对吗?

Well, what Bill says and I totally agree is that if you do want to give money to your kids, you should give it to them when they're young rather than when you die.

比尔的说法是,我完全同意这一点,如果你真的想给你的孩子钱,你应该在他们年轻的时候给他们,而不是在你死后。

Because if we only give away money when we die, then our kids will be around 60 when they get their inheritance and this is bad.

因为如果我们只在我们死的时候把钱拿出来,那么我们的孩子得到遗产的时候会在 60 岁左右,这很糟糕。

Because when you are 60 years old and you get a big windfall, it doesn't actually help you that much.

因为当你 60 岁的时候得到一大笔意外之财,它实际上对你助力不大。

Because at that point, you're already established.

因为在那个时候,你已经自立了。

You've already got a job, you've got your own earning power and you can enjoy that money a lot less when you're 60. Whereas, if you get that big windfall of money when you're somewhere between 25 and 35, that general age group, then that windfall is ridiculously helpful.

你已经有了工作,你有了自己的赚钱能力,当你 60 岁的时候,你已经不那么喜欢这笔钱了。然而,如果你在 25 到 35 岁之间的平均年龄段得到了那么大的意外之财,那么这笔意外之财会帮你大忙。

And now you can do things like put down a deposit on a house, or invest in starting your own company, or afford to have kids now that you have some kind of financial safety net.

你可以做一些事情,比如给房子存钱,或者投资创办自己的公司,或者生养孩子,因为你有了某种意义上的金融保障措施。

And actually having those amazing life experiences instead of grinding away your 20s trying to make rent and potentially making bad decisions, like choosing a job you don't like because you need the money to survive.

真正拥有那些令人惊奇的生活经历,而不是在 20 多岁的时候努力租房子,可能会做出糟糕的决定,比如选择一份你不喜欢的工作,因为你需要钱来生存。

Objection number three, what about charity?

反对三,慈善怎么办?

The same thing goes for charity.

慈善事业也是如此。

To be honest, charities need money right now.

老实说,慈善机构现在需要钱。

People are dying in the world right now.

现在世界上有很多人正在死去。

The environment is suffering right now.

环境正在遭受破坏。

And so waiting until you die to then arbitrarily give away money to charity at that date is a bit pointless.

所以等到你死了,然后在那个日期武断地把钱捐给慈善机构是有点没意义的。

You might as well give money to the charities again while you're alive.

你还不如活着的时候给慈善机构捐钱。

And this is very much an idea that Bill talks about in the book.

这也是比尔在书中谈到的一个想法。

Die with zero does not mean do not give any money to good causes, do not give any money to your kids.

死时不留一分钱并不意味着不给任何慈善事业捐款或者不给你的孩子留任何钱。

It means do it before you die because it's way more effective before you die than after you die.

它的意思是在你死之前做,因为在你死之前做比死后做更有效。

Okay, so those were the main objections and now we know the main idea of the book that we should be a little bit less concerned with trying to save loads of money that we'll never spend and instead lean towards a little bit more towards spending money and actually allowing ourselves to spend money on those experiences, especially when we're young.

好吧,这些是主要的反对意见,现在我们知道这本书的中心思想了,我们应该少为了试图节省我们永远不会花的钱而担忧,而是倾向于多花钱,实际上是让自己在这些经历上花钱,尤其是当我们年轻的时候。

Let's now look at some concrete things that we can do with that information.

现在让我们看看我们可以利用这些信息做的一些具体的事情。

Tip one, time bucket your life.

提示一,给你的人生列死亡清单。

This is a really cool thing that he talks about in the book.

这是他在书中谈到的一件非常酷的事情。

Basically the idea is that at each stage of our life, we're gonna have different levels of the three main resources that we need for good life experiences.

基本上,这个想法是,在我们生命的每个阶段,我们拥有美好生活体验所需的三种主要资源的程度是不一样的。

And those three resources are free time, money and health.

这三种资源是空闲时间、金钱和健康。

If we made a diagram showing how much of each thing we have at different stages of our life on average, it would look something like this.

如果我们制作一个图表来显示我们在生活的不同阶段平均拥有多少东西,它会是这样。

When we're young, we are generally time millionaires.

当我们年轻的时候,我们通常是时间上的百万富翁。

As they say, we have loads of time and we have loads of health, but we have very little money.

正如他们所说,我们有大量的时间和健康,但我们只有很少的钱。

When we're, say, 31 to 60 years old, on average we have a decent amount of time, a decent amount of health and a decent amount of money.

当我们,比如说,31 到 60 岁的时候,平均来说,我们有相当多的时间,相当多的健康和相当多的钱。

And generally when we are 60 plus, we probably have loads of money and loads of time, but not that much health and energy.

一般来说,当我们 60 多岁的时候,我们可能有很多钱和时间,但没有那么多健康和精力。

And so what Bill says and I very much agree with this, I think it's great advice, is that it does make sense to have different time buckets for each part of your life so that you can use these resources most appropriately at each different stage.

所以比尔说,我也非常同意这一点,我认为这是一个很好的建议,为你生活的每一部分安排不同的死亡清单确实是有意义的,这样你就可以在每个不同的阶段最恰当地使用这些资源。

Here's how it works on paper.

我们在纸上看看它的原理。

Now Bill says that you should chop your life into these chunks of five to ten years and then decide what experiences you'd like to have in each part.

比尔说你应该把你的生活分成五到十年的片段,然后决定你想在每个部分有什么样的经历。

If you really want to cycle across Asia or get into rock climbing or skiing or whatever, you should probably try and do that before you're 50 years old while you're definitely fit and active enough to actually do it.

如果你真的想骑自行车穿越亚洲,或者攀岩、滑雪或其他什么,你应该在 50 岁之前尝试一下,这是你绝对足够健康和活跃,有能力去做这些事情。

And if there's expensive but non-active things that you'd like to do someday, but which aren't a priority right now, then it makes sense to put them down for when you're older and you have plenty of time and money and don't need so much energy, for example, a cruise.

如果有一天你想做一些昂贵但不活跃的事情,但现在它不是当务之急,那么把它们放在你年龄稍长后,那时你有足够的时间和金钱,不需要花费那么多精力,这是很有道理的,例如坐游轮。

Tip number two, be bold not foolish.

提示二,要大胆而不是愚蠢。

Bill's second piece of practical advice in the book is that we should take our biggest risks when we're young and don't have much to lose.

比尔在书中的第二条实用建议是,我们应该在年轻的时候冒最大的风险,因为我们没有什么可失去的。

If, for example, you take a calculated risk when you're young, then you've got a lot more time to build yourself back up if it fails.

例如,如果你年轻时承担了一个经过计算的风险,那么如果失败了,你还会有更多的时间来恢复自己。

And you've got a whole lifetime where you can enjoy the profits if the risk pays off.

如果这个风险得到了回报,那么你有一辈子的时间可以享受利润。

And so this risk reward ratio is very asymmetric with the reward, very much in your favor when you're young.

所以这个风险回报比与回报一点也不对称,只有当你年轻的时候,它才对你非常有利。

For example, if you gamble a thousand dollars on starting a small business when you're 20 and it fails, then who cares?

例如,如果你在 20 岁时赌了一千美元创办了一家小企业,但失败了,那么谁在乎呢?

You can easily earn that money back in the future because you can always make more money, but you can never make more time.

将来你可以很容易地把钱赚回来,因为你总是可以赚更多的钱,但你永远赚不到更多的时间。

But if the business actually takes off, then it might actually boost your financial life to the proverbial moon as our crypto friends say.

但是,如果生意真的成功了,那么它实际上可能会让你的财务状况大幅提升,正如我们那些玩加密货币的朋友所说。

And the same thing goes for moving to a new city, or some other big life decision that has some kind of big upside but that is a bit of a risk.

同样的事情也适用于搬到一个新城市,或者其他一些重大的人生决定,这些决定有一些大的好处,但有点风险。

If it doesn't go well, you've still got plenty of time to recover.

如果不顺利,你还有足够的时间恢复。

Provided you take that risk when you're young.

如果你是在年轻的时候冒这个险。

Bill also points out that the downside of not even taking the chance is emotional, potentially a lifetime of wondering what if.

比尔还指出,不抓住机会的坏处会反应在心理上,可能会后悔一生。

And so even if things don't turn out successfully we usually learn from that and we usually have positive memories at times when we gave something 100% of our efforts even though it was a bit of a risk.

所以即使事情没有成功,我们通常也会从中吸取教训,当我们付出 100% 的努力时,我们通常会有积极的回忆,即使这有点风险。

And then when we're older these big financial risks are generally not worth taking because it can leave us with not enough money to retire and not enough time to make that money back.

当我们年龄增长后,这些巨大的金融风险通常不值得承担,因为它会让我们没有足够的钱退休,也没有足够的时间把钱赚回来。

So I really like this book and I think there are some interesting lessons that we can learn from it provided we don't take it too literally and don't get too but heard that,"Oh, my god, he's telling me to spend more money and my circumstances, I mean, I can't spend that money." And like the whole point of these non-fiction self-help books is that they can give us ideas for what we could do with our life if we want to follow them.

所以我真的很喜欢这本书,我认为我们可以从中学到一些有趣的道理,只要我们不要字面化地理解,然后说,“哦,我的天,他告诉我花更多的钱,但是我的情况,我是说,我没办法花那么多钱。”这些纪实类的励志书籍的全部意义就在于,如果我们愿意遵循它们,它们可以给我们一些思路,告诉我们在生活中可以做些什么。

But you don't have to.

但你不一定非要那么做。

He's not forcing anyone to follow this method.

他没有强迫任何人遵循这种方法。

And so I think there is like you have to take this kind of stuff with a bit of a pinch of salt.

所以我认为你必须对这种事情持保留态度。

But there's a few things where I kind of disagree with some of the stuff that he says.

他也有一些观点是我不同意的。

Firstly, money does not necessarily equal life energy.

首先,金钱不一定等于生命能量。

This is Bill's main point at the start of the book that the money in your bank account equals your life energy.

这是比尔在书开头的主要观点,即你银行账户中的钱等于你的生命能量。

But with passive income for example, a small initial effort can snowball and can create more and more wealth almost effortlessly.

但是以被动收入为例,小小的初始努力可以滚雪球,几乎毫不费力地创造越来越多的财富。

For example, if you follow the advice of another book that I've reviewed called The Millionaire Fastlane, linked up there somewhere.

例如,如果你遵循我评论过的另一本书《百万富翁快车道》的建议,这本书的链接就在这里。

And you end up growing these kind of passive income money trees, as they say.

就像他们说的,你最终会种下被动收入的摇钱树。

Then you could theoretically end up as a millionaire with loads of money in your account without necessarily having worked a day beyond your 30th birthday.

那么理论上,你可以在 30 岁之前成为一个百万富翁,账户里有很多钱,不必工作。

And that money then doesn't actually represent significant wasted life energy in the same way as, for example, working 50 years in a job that you really hate.

这些钱实际上并不像你花 50 年时间从事一份讨厌的工作而 浪费的生命能量。

With me for example, I spend a bunch of my youth working.

以我为例,我花了很多青春去工作。

But to be honest, building a business, making websites, growing this Youtube channel, playing World of Warcraft, interviewing people on a podcast, this is all still technically work.

但老实说,建立一个企业,制作网站,运营这个 YouTube 频道,玩魔兽世界,在播客上采访人们,这些本质上仍然是工作。

But I would still do these things even if I won the lottery because I love doing them so much and so I don't really see that as an exchange of money for life energy.

但是即使我中了彩票,我仍然会做这些事情,因为我非常喜欢做这些事情,所以我并不认为这是在用金钱换取生命能量。

Secondly, money equals optionality.

其次,金钱等于选择权。

So liquidity, i. e. having easily accessible cash in the bank or in safe investments is a big asset in itself because you can act quickly and decisively if some kind of cool opportunity comes up or if there is some kind of sudden emergency.

流动性,即在银行或安全投资中拥有易于获得的现金,本身就是一项巨大的资产,因为如果某个很棒的机会或者某种紧急情况突然出现,你可以迅速果断地采取行动。

Basically, you keep your options open.

基本上,你有选择的余地。

And so yeah, optionality is good but as Bill says in the book, there is a risk of going too far with it.

所以是的,选择权很好,但是正如比尔在书中所说,存在过犹不及的风险。

And someone might completely irrationally hold on to a large amount of money all the way up to their death just to keep their options open.

有人可能会不理智地守着一大笔钱,一直到他们去世。只是为了保持他们的选择权。

And then obviously it's not at all useful to you if you haven't exercised that option before you die.

那么很显然,如果你在死前没有行使选择权,这对你一点用都没有。

And then finally the third weakness I see in the book is that he talks a lot about spending your money on experiences but not enough about investing your money in education, which is exactly what you can do if you sign up with Skillshare who are very kindly sponsoring this video.

最后,我在书中看到的第三个不足之处是,他说了很多关于把钱花在体验上的话,但对把钱投资在教育上却着墨不多,而这正是你可以做的,你只需要在注册本视频的赞助商 Skillshare 即可。

And if you enjoyed this video and you'd like to make more money that you can then spend on meaningful and fulfilling life experiences, then you might like to check out this video over here, which is seven side hustle passive incoming type ideas that you can start right now.

如果你喜欢这个视频,你想赚更多的钱,然后把它花在有意义和充实的生活体验上,那么你可能想看看这里的这个视频,也就是你现在就可以开始的七个获取被动收入的副业类别。

So thank you so much for watching do hit the subscribe button and I'll see in the next video.

非常感谢你们的收看,请点击订阅按钮,我们下个视频见。

Bye bye.

再见

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